ABSTRACT
Background: For successful management of acute appendicitis, early diagnosis and intervention is needed. Incorrect diagnosis may allow significantly increased morbidity and mortality. Several studies across the globe shows that Modified Alvarado Scoring System (MASS) does not need high end instrument and can be done in emergency situation for accessing acute appendicitis and reducing the chances of unnecessary surgery. To access the efficacy of MASS for diagnosis of acute appendicitis in remote areas with primary health care facilities, present study was done at Siliguri of Darjeeling district of West Bengal which was 580 km distant from state capital (Kolkata).Methods: A cross sectional study over a period of 16 months was conducted among the patients admitted at North Bengal Medical College and Hospital suspected to have acute appendicitis. The diagnosis was confirmed by histopathological examination. Written consent was obtained from the patients before commencement of the study. MASS was applied to the patients and the results were compared with histopathological findings. Appropriate statistical analysis has been done by SPSS (version 16.0).Results: A total of 75 patients (44 males and 31 females) were considered. The sensitivity and specificity of MASS in this study were 75.86% (71.43% for males and 80% for females) and 82.61% (80% for males and 87.5% for females) respectively. Study revealed statistically significant (p<0.000) association between Histopathological report and MASS.Conclusions: To reduce the chances of negative appendectomy and for better diagnosis of appendicitis, MASS may be more useful at primary health care centres those are located in remote areas as it was very simple, easy and cost effective.
ABSTRACT
Man learns his behaviour and behaviour that is learnt denotes his culture. Thus culture is a system of learned behaviour shared by and transmitted among the members of a group and every group have tried to maintain their cultural heritage / uniqueness by the effort to make their culture distant from the others. The most significant task for the students of anthropology is to observe the different cultural systems and to find out the cultural units of distinctive pattern of a culture or group that mark them unique from the rest of the world. Marriage is such a prime cultural unit and at the same time may be viewed as a reference point to locate the diversity and uniqueness of each culture at intra and inter analytical level. In this paper researchers have tried to share their observations regarding polygamous marriage especially polyandrous marriage practiced among the Jaunsari people living at the village of Lakhamandal, state of Uttrakhand.
ABSTRACT
Aims: Human telomere repeat binding factor (hTRF2) is a double stranded telomere binding protein that plays key role in protecting the chromosome ends and a necessary building block of telomere structure maintenance. The aim of the present study was to focus on the modeling of 3D structure of hTRF2 (500 residues long) and its interaction studies with DNA in silico. Study Design: The overall work was designed in different steps starting with the modeling of the concerned protein, its physiochemical properties study, modeling of 3DDNA with specific length and varying bend angle, docking studies of modeled DNA and hTRF2 protein. Place and Duration of Study: Bioinformatics Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, India. November 2012- July 2013. Methodology: 3D structure of hTRF2 was modeled through I-TASSER method. The modeled structure was verified by 5ns of simulation run in solvent (water) condition and also evaluated with different bioinformatics tools. Physiochemical properties were calculated through CLC Protein Workbench. DNA 3D structure was modeled with the conserved nucleotide sequence motif, TTAGGG with varying bend angles of 0° to 60°. The DNA-protein docking studies were carried out through HADDOCK easy interface for each bend angle. Results: The best model was selected depending on minimum RMSD value and C-Score and the Stereochemical quality of that model was verified with different tools, as the Molprobity score (>1) of hTRF2 was predicted 4.2 and Ramachandra favored residue was 80.56%. The selected model protein and DNA structure was docked and among all the docking results the best orientation of DNA and hTRF2 was at 60° DNA bend angle with lowest RMSD and maximum Z-value. The amino acids which are directly involved in the interaction were also selected. Conclusion: In future further study will be planned with further bend angle for getting better information on DNA-protein interactions. In silico studies will also be helpful for the researchers to study the complex structure in vitro.